Electrical Substation
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Electrical substations are the interface between parts of the distribution grid and transmission systems. These fenced off areas step down the voltage in the transmission lines to one that is suitable for the distribution grid. They are also equipped with circuit breakers to protect the distribution system, and can be used to control the flow of current in various directions. They also smooth and filter voltage fluctuations caused by, for example, an increased load.
|
Rated Cap acity(kVA) |
High Voltage(v) |
Low Voltage(v) |
Connection Symbol |
Standard |
Short-circuit impedance(%) |
Efficiency (%) |
|
75 |
4160 7200 12000 12470 13200 13800 19920 24940 34500 |
110 220230 400 480 |
Delta-Wye Dyn1Ynyn0 |
IEEE/ANSI/ DOE |
4-7% |
99.03 |
|
112.5 |
99.11 |
|||||
|
150 |
99.16 |
|||||
|
225 |
99.23 |
|||||
|
300 |
99.27 |
|||||
|
500 |
99.35 |
|||||
|
750 |
99.40 |
|||||
|
1000 |
99.43 |
|||||
|
1500 |
99.48 |
|||||
|
2000 |
99.51 |
|||||
|
2500 |
99.53 |
Parts of an electrical substation
Transformer: It is a static electrical machine that serves to increase or decrease electricity in an AC electrical circuit, while maintaining a constant frequency and power.
Circuit breaker: It interrupts and reestablishes the continuity of an electric circuit. Such interruption is made with load or short-circuit current.
Recloser: It is an electromechanical part that interrupts the current when there is an excess of electricity and acts when a fault is generated in the circuit. Reclosers are designed to operate with 3 closing operations and 4 openings with an interval between them.
Blade fuses: They are connection and disconnection elements of electric circuits with a double function. On the one hand, as a blade disconnect, it switches on and off. On the other hand, it acts as a fuse protection element and is used when an overcurrent is registered.
Disconnect switches and test switches: They serve to physically disconnect an electric circuit, so they usually operate without charge. These switches work mechanically and also manually.
Lightning arresters: They are responsible for keeping ionized rays away. When there is a surge of a certain magnitude, lightning arresters form an electronic arc that makes the current discharge on the ground and not on people or equipment and installations.
Instrument transformers: They are apparatuses responsible for measuring the electric current. There are two types: current transformers (CT), to change the value of the current, and potential transformers (PT), to transform the voltage values without taking the current into account. Both values are used in real time for measuring, control, and protection instruments that require current or voltage signals.
Junction boxes: They are the connection terminals per phase that allow us to make derivations and to reach specific areas.
Condensers: They allow us to conserve the electricity that is produced in an electric field. Through two conductors separated by insulating material, energy is temporarily stored.
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