Fire And Explosion Protection Of Power Transformers

Power transformer is the main equipment for power transmission and distribution in the power system. The power transformer mainly reduces the high-voltage power of the power grid to a voltage of 6000 volts or 380 volts that can be directly used to supply power to electrical equipment.
If an overload or short circuit occurs inside the transformer, the insulating material or insulating oil will decompose, expand and even vaporize due to high temperature or sparks, causing the internal pressure of the transformer to increase sharply, which may cause the transformer shell to explode, causing a large amount of insulating oil to spurt out and burn. The flow will further increase the fire risk.
To prevent fire and explosion during operation, please pay attention to:
(1) No overload operation: Long-term overload operation will cause the coil to heat up, gradually aging the insulation, and causing a short circuit.
(2) Frequently check the quality of insulating oil: The quality of the oil should be tested regularly. Unqualified oil should be replaced in time, or other measures should be taken.
(3) Prevent the aging and damage of the transformer iron core insulation. Long-term heating of the iron core causes insulation aging.
(4) Prevent the insulation from being damaged accidentally due to maintenance. If scratches and damage are found, deal with them in time.
(5) Ensure that the wires are in good contact. Poor contact may cause local overheating.
(6) Prevent lightning strikes, the transformer will burn due to insulation breakdown.
(7) Short circuit protection: A short circuit occurs in the transformer coil or load. If the protection system fails or the protection setting is too large, the transformer may be burned. Reliable short-circuit protection must be installed for this purpose.
(8) Well-protected grounding.
(9) Ventilation and cooling: If the transformer coil wire is Class A insulated, its insulator is mainly paper and cotton yarn. Every time the temperature rises by 8°C, the insulation life will be reduced by about half; when the transformer operates at a normal temperature below 90°C, the lifespan is about 20 years; if the temperature rises to 105°C, the lifespan is 7 years. When the transformer is operating, good ventilation and cooling must be maintained.