Distribution Substation
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A distribution substation is a voltage regulation point that delivers electric energy from transmission systems to residential and industrial consumers. Power is transported from the distribution substation via distribution feeders to the premises of the end consumer.
Distribution substations are comprised of several components, each serving a critical role n delivering powier to homes and businesses. In order to keep these components functioning properly, proper protection should be installed.
|
Rated capacity (kVA) |
Voltage ratio(kV) |
Connection Symbol |
No-load loss (kW) |
No-load current (%) |
Full-load loss (kW) |
Impedance (%) |
||
|
H.V |
H.V Tapping Range |
L.V |
||||||
|
3150 |
35 38.5 |
±2×2.5% |
3.15 |
Yd11 |
3.80 |
0.56 |
24.30 |
7.0 |
|
4000 |
4.52 |
0.56 |
28.80 |
|||||
|
5000 |
5.40 |
0.48 |
33.03 |
|||||
|
6300 |
6.56 |
0.48 |
36.90 |
7.5 |
||||
|
8000 |
3.3 |
9.00 |
0.42 |
40.50 |
||||
|
10000 |
6.3 |
10.88 |
0.42 |
47.70 |
||||
|
12500 |
6.6 |
12.60 |
0.40 |
56.70 |
8.0 |
|||
|
16000 |
10.5 |
Ynd11 |
15.20 |
0.40 |
59.30 |
|||
|
20000 |
11 |
18.00 |
0.40 |
83.70 |
||||
|
25000 |
21.28 |
0.32 |
99.00 |
|||||
|
31500 |
25.28 |
0.32 |
118.80 |
|||||
Main Components of a Distribution Substation
A distribution substation is made up of the following components:
Supply Line: A supply line, commonly known as a primary feeder, is used to connect a distribution substation to a sub-transmission system.
Transformers: Transformers are used to step-down the supply line voltage to distribution level voltage. Three-phase transformers are generally used but the number can vary depending on the distribution substation design and the importance of the end consumer.
Busbars: Busbars, also known as buses, are used for carrying large currents and distributing them to multiple circuits inside the switchgear.
Switchgear: Switchgear is made up of primary switching, interrupting devices, as well as control and regulation equipment.
Outcoming Feeders: Power from the substation to points of service is carried by outcoming feeders.
Switching Apparatus: Fuse, switches, service protectors, and circuit breakers make up the switching apparatus. These are used to connect or disconnect the system power elements to or from other system elements.
Surge Voltage Protection: Surge voltage protection is used to protect power systems from overvoltage.
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